[ELCC 2016]马智勇教授:诊断时的肝转移是EGFR M+患者出现脑转移的强预测因子

作者:  马智勇   日期:2016/4/15 21:02:16  浏览量:29725

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编者按:欧洲肺癌大会(ELCC 2016)发布了多项研究的最新研究结果,在肺癌TKI治疗方面ELCC 2016有哪些研究进展呢?我们邀请河南省肿瘤医院内科的马智勇主任医师对一项研究壁报“一线EGFR-TKIs治疗的EGFR突变型肺癌患者生存期内的脑转移发生率(139PD - Lifetime incidence of brain metastases (BM) in EGFR-mutant (M+) lung cancer treated with first-line EGFR TKIs)”做出点评。

  背景:

 

  EGFR阳性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者常出现脑转移,是一个未被解决的医疗难题。本研究试图阐明:①EGFR M+肺腺癌患者生存期内的脑转移发生率;②在接受EGFR TKI治疗过程中出现脑转移的可能性;③一线EGFR-TKIs治疗患者出现脑转移的危险因素。

 

  方法:

 

  研究纳入2009年8月到2013年2月间确诊的211例EGFR阳性进展期NSCLC患者(主要是19和21外显子突变),这些患者均接受了一线TKI治疗。研究收集了这些患者的人口统计学资料、初诊时存在脑转移与否、复发模式、病理类型以及EGFR TKI类型资料。

 

  结果:

 

  在211例患者中,63例(29.2%)基线时存在脑转移,137例基线时不存在脑转移,11例不详。在137例患者中,无脑转移患者中有84例(61.3%)女性,116例(84.7%)中国人,108例(78.8%)不吸烟者,中位年龄为65岁(40-84岁),123例(89.8%)患者一线选择了吉非替尼,其他应用了厄洛替尼(4.4%)或阿法替尼(5.8%)。在31.3个月的中位随访期之后,在137例患者中,40例(29.2%)患者出现脑转移。其中,这40例脑转移患者中的15例(37.5%)在一线TKI时即出现脑转移。剩余的25例患者在一线TKI治疗后或一线后的TKI治疗中出现了脑转移。24个月累积脑转移发生率为29.2%(95CI 21.3-39.3)。

 

  在多因素回归分析中,诊断时的肝转移是出现脑转移的强预测因子 (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.25–6.10)。在97例首次进展时未出现中枢神经系统病灶的患者中,首次进展后继续应用TKI的患者(23/76)与未继续TKI的患者(1/21)至出现脑转移的时间无显著差异(P=0.123)。

 

  结论:

 

  EGFR M+的肺腺癌患者生存期内出现脑转移的发生率为48.8%。对基线时无脑转移的患者而言,12个月和24个月的累积脑转移发生率分别为13.7%和29.2%。诊断时的肝转移是EGFR M+患者出现脑转移的强预测因子。

 

专家点评:

 

  我们都知道,非小细胞肺癌近年来的治疗进步,是依赖于其分子分型的进步。其中贡献最大的是“EGFR靶点的发现和针对性治疗”,部分晚期非小细胞肺癌的中位生存期达到了40个月。在EGFR这个靶点有 19和21外显子两个常见突变,它们的出现以及丰度的变化,可以预测EGFR-TKIs的疗效。

 

  此篇摘要回顾性的分析了211例合并有19或21外显子突变的NSCLC治疗前的基线情况,试图发现“与患者治疗前和治疗中脑转移相关的基线特征因素”,结果表明:“患者在初始诊断时有肝转移”是EGFR19或21突变患者易出现脑转移的强预测因子。EGFR M+患者生存期内出现脑转移的发生率为48.8%,此前也有来自印度的回顾性分析表明,EGFR敏感突变的患者脑转移发生率高,该研究证实了这一点。在治疗前,基线检查可以发现有脑转移的患者,我们可以及时地进行治疗干预;在治疗中,我们如何及时地发现脑转移的患者,以期尽早的进行治疗干预?“初始诊断时的肝转移”可能可以作为一个强的预测因子。

 

  如何能进一步表明治疗中的脑转移与EGFR-TKI耐药之间的相关联系?这是值得进一步开展的工作。

 

  马智勇,郑州大学附属肿瘤医院、河南省肿瘤医院内科副主任

  主任医师 硕士生导师,

  河南省肺癌诊疗中心主任

  (CSCO)执行委员会委员

  中国抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会委员

  中国老年肿瘤学会肺癌专业委员会常委

  中国医促会胸部肿瘤分会常委

  河南省医学会肿瘤专委会副主委

  河南省抗癌协会化疗专业委员会副主任委员

  河南省抗癌协会肺癌专业委员会副主任委员

 

摘要原文

139PD - Lifetime incidence of brain metastases (BM) in EGFR-mutant (M+) lung cancer treated with first-line EGFR TKIs

D. Z. Ng (Singapore, Singapore)W. Tan (Singapore, Singapore)W. Ong (Singapore, Singapore)E. M. Gan (Singapore, Singapore) A. Jain (Singapore, Singapore)E. Tan (Singapore, Singapore)D. Tan (Singapore, Singapore)

Background:BM commonly occur in EGFR M+ NSCLC and remain an unmet medical need. This study aims to determine (1) lifetime incidence of brain metastases (BM) in EGFR M+ lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), (2) likelihood of BM development while on EGFR TKI treatment, and (3) risk factors associated with BM development in patients treated with first-line EGFR TKIs.

Methods:211 patients diagnosed in between August 2009 and February 2013 with advanced EGFR M+ LUAD (mainly exon 19 or 21 mutations), and who received 1st line EGFR TKI, were included in this study. Patient demographics, presence/ absence of BM at initial diagnosis, pattern of relapse, type of mutation, and choice of EGFR TKI were recorded. BM-free survival (BMFS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate (MVA) Cox regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with risk for BM development.

Results:63/211 (29.9%) of patients had baseline BM while 137 did not, and 11 had missing data. Of the 137 pts, 84 (61.3%) were female, 116 (84.7%) Chinese, 108 (78.8%) never-smokers and the median age was 65?yrs (range: 40–84). 123 (89.8%) patients received 1st line gefitinib, while the rest had erlotinib (4.4%) or afatinib (5.8%). After a median follow-up of 31.3m, 40/137 (29.2%) patients developed BM. 15/40 (37.5%) had BM during 1st line TKI. Of the remaining 25 patients with BM after first-line TKI, 14 received further TKI beyond first-line. Cumulative incidence rate of BM (CIBM) at 24-m was 29.2% (95% CI 21.3–39.3). On MVA, presence of liver metastases at diagnosis (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.25–6.10) was the strongest predictor for BMFS. Among the 97 patients who first progressed in non-CNS sites, there was no significant difference in time to BM development after first disease progression between patients who received TKI beyond progression (23/76) and those who did not (1/21) (P =0.123).

Conclusions:The lifetime incidence of BM for EGFR M+ LUAD is 48.8% in patients predominantly treated with gefitinib. In those without baseline BM, CIBM at 12-m and 24-m was 13.7% and 29.2% respectively. Presence of liver metastases at diagnosis may predict higher risk of development of BM in EGFR M+ LUAD.

Legal entity responsible for the study:National Cancer Centre Singapore

Funding:National Cancer Centre Singapore

Disclosure:All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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